Ammonia Solution (aqueous) — properties & hazards overview
NH₃ content (w/w)
~ 5–30%
pH (20 °C)
~ 11–13 (strongly basic)
Boiling point
≈ 100 °C (varies with % NH₃)
NH₃ off-gas
Significant; ventilation required
Toxicity
NH₃ vapour irritant/toxic
Flammability
liquid N/A; NH₃ gas flammable
Chronic risk
respiratory/dermal
Environmental
aquatic toxicity
| Property | Value / Note |
|---|---|
| Chemical formula | NH₃ dissolved in water (often written as NH₄OH) |
| Molar mass (NH₃) | 17.03 g/mol |
| Physical state (20 °C) | Clear, colourless liquid with pungent odour |
| Density (20 °C) | ~ 0.91–0.99 g/cm³ (depends on % NH₃) |
| Vapour pressure | Dominated by NH₃ above the solution; increases strongly with concentration & temperature |
| Odour / threshold | Sharp, irritating / ~ 5 ppm typical detection |
| Water miscibility | Fully miscible (forms ammonium hydroxide; absorption is exothermic) |
| Typical uses | pH control, cleaning agents, fertiliser production, chemical synthesis |
*Values are indicative and concentration-dependent. Always consult the current SDS and local regulations for design and safety.