Formaldehyde — properties & hazards overview

Name: Formaldehyde (methanal) Formula: CH₂O CAS: 50-00-0 UN: 2209 (solution, flammable) / 2213 (solution, non-flammable)
DANGER — carcinogenic & sensitising; strong irritant. Gas is flammable; solutions may be flammable depending on methanol content. Use oxidation or bisulfite chemistry; design for ATEX when applicable.
Boiling point (gas)
~ −19 °C
LEL–UEL (gas)
~ 7–73 vol%
Water solubility
Very high (forms formalin)
Odour threshold
~ 0.05–1 ppm (not a safe indicator)
Toxicity
high (irritant)
Flammability
gas flammable; solution varies
Chronic risk
carcinogenic + sensitiser
Environmental
VOC / odour
PropertyValue / Note
Physical state (20 °C)Gas; commonly handled as aqueous solution (formalin ~37% w/w with methanol stabilizer).
ReactivityPolymerises; forms paraformaldehyde on standing; readily oxidised to formic acid/formate.
UsesResins (UF/MF/PF), disinfectants, preservatives, chemical intermediate.

*Gas properties differ from formalin; use process-specific data for design.

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